Under the pressure of food crisis and the requirements of sustainable developments, to develop non-grain resources as substrates for amino acid fermentation is of great importance. The main alternative plant substrates include sugar -rich plant, starch -rich plant and lignocellulose. The processing cost is high and the environment is likely to be polluted when current processing technology is employed. Therefore, the comprehensive development and the multiple utilization
strategy according to the biorefinery guideline are needed, which can not only reduce the cost, but is environmental friendly. Through pretreatment and enzyme hydrolysis, lignocellulosic materials can be hydrolyzed into small fermentable sugars, such as cellobiose, glucose, xylose and arabinose. Corynebacterium glutamicum, the workhorse of amino acid fermentation for decades, cannot metabolize pentoses, xylose and arabinose. Therefore, genetic engineering of this rod-shaped bacterium to make it ferment hexose and pentose simultaneously is a crucial issue for lignocellulose hydrolysate utilization.