甘露聚糖是软木半纤维素的主要成分，分布广泛。β-甘露聚糖酶是甘露聚糖的主要降解酶，存在于动物、植物和微生物中，以内切方式催化甘露聚糖β-1,4-糖苷键的水解。微生物来源的β-甘露聚糖酶在较宽的pH和温度范围内均可发挥活性，在食品、饲料、石油钻井和生物炼制等行业应用广泛。从微生物来源的β-甘露聚糖酶的结构、催化机制、分子改造和工业应用等方面进行综述。随着人工智能的发展，人工智能辅助从头合成新的耐高温、耐碱和具有更高活性的β-甘露聚糖酶将成为新的研究热点。

分别采用醇提法和水提法从红曲米中提取红曲色素，首先对2种色素采用硅胶柱层析进行了分离纯化，然后对得到的醇溶性与水溶性红、橙、黄色素进行色价测定，最后对醇溶性红曲黄和水溶性红曲黄中的红曲素含量进行分析测定，结果分别为141.140,0.125μg/mg。醇溶性和水溶性红曲色素的抗氧化测试和抑菌测试表明：水溶性红曲色素的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH)、羟基自由基和超氧阴离子自由基清除能力明显高于醇溶性红曲色素，而醇溶性红曲色素的抑菌能力和2,2′-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐[2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)ammonium salt, ABTS]自由基清除能力则优于水溶性红曲色素。此外，还测定了2种色素对细胞的毒性，检测结果显示醇溶性红曲色素质量浓度为0～50μg/mL时对细胞无毒性，水溶性红曲色素质量浓度为0～500μg/mL时对细胞无毒性。研究结果表明：不同溶剂提取的红曲色素在抗氧化、抑菌及细胞毒性方面具有不同的特性，研究成果为红曲色素在保健品和药物开发中的应用提供了理论依据。

作为玉米加工副产品，玉米皮含有大量膳食纤维(Dietary fibre, DF),吸引了诸多学者开展玉米皮膳食纤维提取研究。膳食纤维被称为“第七营养素”,有助于改善人们的饮食结构和健康状况，对人体有很大的营养价值。玉米皮在食品领域中主要应用于制作主食、饮料、高纤维咀嚼片、高纤维冰淇淋、烘焙食品和肉类食品等。通过提取玉米皮膳食纤维，可以有效利用玉米皮这一副产品资源，减少浪费，提高资源利用效率。笔者综述了近年来玉米皮膳食纤维的提取技术及膳食纤维应用的研究进展。

低共熔溶剂(DES)作为新一代绿色溶剂，在萃取分离领域被广泛用作萃取剂，然而其作为分析保护剂的应用鲜有报道。为考察有机酸低共熔溶剂在氨基甲酸酯残留检测过程中同时充当萃取剂和分析保护剂的能力，制备了薄荷醇分别与不同碳链长度的丙酸、丁酸、己酸和辛酸形成的有机酸低共熔溶剂，评估了其在气相色谱质谱检测中对氨基甲酸酯的信号增强作用，并考察了其作为萃取剂对苹果中氨基甲酸酯的萃取效果。研究结果显示：在氨基甲酸酯标准溶液中添加体积分数为2%的薄荷醇/辛酸低共熔溶剂，可以显著增强氨基甲酸酯在GC-MS/MS中的峰响应。此外，用4 mL薄荷醇/辛酸低共熔溶剂萃取4 min,苹果中的氨基甲酸酯萃取回收率超过80%,这说明薄荷醇/辛酸低共熔溶剂可以被同时作为萃取剂和分析保护剂，用于苹果中氨基甲酸酯农药的残留分析。研究结果为建立果蔬中氨基甲酸酯农药残留的新型QuEChERS-GC-MS/MS检测方法提供了参考依据。

作为重要氨基酸之一，L-酪氨酸在食品、保健品和医疗药品等行业有着广泛应用。通过单因素实验和正交实验，以细胞生长情况和L-酪氨酸产量为评价指标，研究多种有机营养物质如玉米浆水解液、氯化胆碱、氨基酸复合粉、葡萄糖酸钙、柠檬酸和丁二酸对重组大肠杆菌发酵生产L-酪氨酸的影响。通过单因素实验确定玉米浆水解液、氯化胆碱、氨基酸复合粉和丁二酸的质量浓度对大肠杆菌生长和L-酪氨酸积累影响较大。通过正交实验确定最佳添加方案，即玉米浆水解液0.1 g/L、氯化胆碱0.6 g/L、氨基酸复合粉1.2 g/L、柠檬酸2.5 g/L。在此培养条件下，L-酪氨酸可积累44.3 g/L,较优化前增加12.7%。

以食叶草为原料，采用常温剪切提取与等电点沉淀法获得2种食叶草碱溶酸沉组分蛋白质(EDP-5.5和EDP-2.3),分析比较了这2种组分蛋白质的理化性质和功能特性。研究结果表明：EDP-5.5分子质量主要集中在55 kDa,而EDP-2.3分子质量分布较广(21～70 kDa);EDP-5.5的二硫键质量摩尔浓度、热变性温度均高于EDP-2.3,略低于大豆蛋白，稳定性较好；2种组分蛋白质均含有包括9种必需氨基酸在内的17种氨基酸，必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的占比分别为77.03%,65.15%,符合世界卫生组织理想蛋白模式；EDP-5.5的起泡性、泡沫稳定性和乳化稳定性均优于大豆蛋白和EDP-2.3,乳化性与大豆蛋白接近，持水性高于EDP-2.3,低于大豆蛋白；EDP-5.5最小凝胶质量分数为3%,优于大豆蛋白的14%,胶凝能力突出，适合作为发泡剂、乳化剂和黏性蛋白类食品应用于食品工业；EDP-2.3持油性优于EDP-5.5,低于大豆蛋白，适合添加到高脂食品中。研究成果为食叶草蛋白在食品工业中的进一步开发和应用提供了理论依据和数据参考。

采用3种不同包装方式(真空脱氧包装、真空包装、普通包装)和3种不同包装材料(PET/AL/PE、PET/PE、PA/PE)包装当归，贮藏21 d,比较3种包装方式与包装材料对当归贮藏品质的影响。结果表明：经过21 d的贮藏，PET/AL/PE材料包装可以抑制当归的腐烂和霉变，PET/PE和PA/PE材料包装的当归发生不同程度的霉变和腐烂现象，因此使用PET/AL/PE作为包装材料开展包装方式实验。3种包装方式中当归的水分质量分数先提高后下降，真空脱氧包装的当归的阿魏酸质量分数先提高后下降，普通包装和真空包装的当归阿魏酸质量分数不断下降，真空脱氧包装和真空包装的当归的浸出物质量分数先提高而后下降，普通包装的当归的浸出物质量分数不断下降。3种包装方式的当归色差值均有不同程度的下降，失重率有不同程度的提高。从水分质量分数、阿魏酸质量分数、浸出物质量分数、色差值和失重率指标来看，3种包装方式中真空脱氧包装的当归贮藏效果最好，其次是真空包装，最后是普通包装。

以发酵放罐金霉素（Chlorotetracycline, CTC）效价和四环素（Tetracycline, TC）值为评价指标，评估了芝麻饼粉替代CTC发酵培养基中黄豆饼粉的可行性，单因素实验结果表明：芝麻饼粉按照质量比1∶1的比例替代CTC发酵培养基中20%的黄豆饼粉时的CTC效价最高，且产品质量指标无异常。研究中发现芝麻饼粉在CTC发酵生产使用过程中有个别批次产品中TC值>8.0%,通过对异常批和正常批芝麻饼粉成分、氨基酸、离子的分析，确定了芝麻饼粉中NH+4质量浓度是影响TC值的关键因素。基于梯度实验考察了NH+4质量浓度的影响，确定当10%的芝麻饼粉纯化水溶液中NH+4质量浓度不高于100 mg/L,芝麻饼粉按照质量比1∶1替代CTC发酵培养基中20%的黄豆饼粉时，CTC效价最高，且TC值与对照无显著差异（P>0.05）。讨论了NH+4质量浓度对CTC发酵中TC值的影响，并制定了其控制范围，研究成果对芝麻饼的资源化开发利用有一定的意义。

The effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarun N1 fermentation on Auricularia auricula polysaccharides was investigated in this study. Firstly, polysaccharides were extracted by ethanoprecipitation and deproteinized by Sevage method. Two water-soluble polysaccharides, namely Auricularia auricula polysaccharide (AAP) and fermented Auricularia auricula polysaccharide(FAAP), were isolated from the Auricularia auricula liguid before and after fermentation. The physicochemical properties and biological activities of AAP and FAAP were studied. The results showed that the proportions of D-mannose, D-fucose, D-xylose, D-arabinose, and D-glucuronic acid in FAAP increased by 6.7‰,1.4‰,1.8‰,34.3‰, and 31.2‰, respectively. The molecular weight of the main polysaccharide component decreased from 1. 98X10⁶Da (AAP) to 1.45X10⁶Da (FAAP),while the triple helix structure content increased. By inducing insulin resistance in HepG2 cells with insulin, it was found that FAAP can increase glucose consumption by 8. 69%, regulate the relative expression levels of diabetes-related genes PI3K, AKT, GSK3β, and GLUT2, and improve insulin resistance by restoring and ameliorating abnormal glucose metabolism in insulin resistance HepG2 through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

In this paper, Streptomyces ghanaensis HL-404 which produces flavomycin was used as the starting strain, and multiple rounds of compound mutagenesis were performed by atmospheric pressure and room temperature plasma mutagenesis (ARTP) and Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), and ribosome engineering technology was combined to screen the resistance of the mutant strain to streptomycin and rifampin. The resistant strains obtained through the preliminary screening of 24-well plate culture combined with bacteriostatic circle method were screened again by shaking flask after a complete high-throughput screening system was established, and the high-performance liquid chromatography was used to detect the titer of flavomycin. Finally, the high-yielding strain HL-1712 was successfully obtained, and its fermentation titer was increased by 67.3% compared with the starting strain. After genetic stability verification, the strain still did not significantly decrease the titer after 5 generations of subculture. The compound mutagenesis combined with ribosome engineering technology and high-throughput screening used in this paper greatly improved the screening efficiency of highyielding strains of flavomycin, and proved that this method has effectiveness.

为推动味精产品整体质量的提升，采用2 000,3 000,4 000,4 500 Da 4种分子质量拦截孔径的有机膜处理味精提取母液，比较4种膜的过滤效率和稳定性，系统研究了4种膜过滤前后的料液透光性和谷氨酸钠质量分数等关键指标。研究结果表明：在2.4 MPa、40℃条件下，采用2 000分子质量拦截孔径有机膜处理，料液透光率从40%提升至94%,脱色除杂效果显著。因此，应用膜过滤技术对味精提取母液进行脱色除杂处理，可以有效提高母液质量，研究成果为母液精制生产高质量味精提供技术参考。

Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) is a widely used fluorescent labeling probe known for its broad-spectrum labeling ability, high fluorescence quantum yield, and excellent water solubility. Its technological development in the field of fluorescent labeling has become increasingly sophisticated. FITC plays a pivotal role in clinical medicine, drug development, and biological research, particularly excelling in tumor imaging, drug delivery monitoring, and biomarker detection. Despite its advantages, challenges remain, including environmental pollution during synthesis and limitations due to photobleaching. Future advancements are expected through the development of greener synthesis routes, the construction of photostable variants, and the integration of microfluidic technologies. These innovations could allow FITC labeling to overcome current limitations and extend its applications in precision medicine, environmental monitoring, and intelligent packaging. This review systematically summarizes methods for optimizing FITC synthesis, highlights its fluorescence labeling applications, and discusses the contributions of derivative compounds (e,g.,2', 7'- dichlorofluorescein isothiocyanate), providing a comprehensive technical roadmap for future progress in FITC develpment.

A comparative analysis was performed on the structure, physicochemical properties,and functional characteristics of four protein fractions derived from Grifola frondosa. The study revealed that the proteins obtained through different extraction methods exhibited variations in structure, physicochemical attributes, and functional properties. The results indicated that the essential amino acid content in Grifola frondosa albumins, globulins, and glutelins all surpassed the recommendations set by WHO/FAO, highlighting their potential as plant-based protein supplements. The four protein fractions primarily consisted of β-turns and β-sheets, with differences observed in their secondary structures. The particle size of the proteins decreased progressively during the extraction process, accompanied by a broader distribution range. These structural variations are likely key factors contributing to the distinct functional properties of the proteins. Regarding functional characteristics, albumins, globulins, and glutelins exhibited excellent water retention, suggesting their suitability for application as viscous protein products. Albumins showed strong emulsifying properties and emulsion stability, making them promising candidates as emulsifying agents. Globulins exhibited greater stability in colloidal systems, while glutelins displayed notable foaming and gel-forming abilities, suggesting potential applications as a foaming aid and a food structural matrix. This research provides a theoretical foundation for the development and application of Grifola frondosa proteins in food and related industries.

In recent years, the domestic xanthan gum production capacity has been expanding, and the xanthan gum industry is facing the pressure of fierce market competition and overcapacity. In this study, non-enzymatic free radical scavengers were screened and applied in xanthan gum fermentation to reduce the mass concentration of free radicals in fermentation broth. By comparing the effects of hydrogen peroxide, ascorbic acid and tea polyphenols applied in xanthan gum fermentation on shear properties, viscosity and gum production, it was found that tea polyphenols could significantly improve the thickening performance and stability of xanthan gum fermentation, and the gum production level was as high as 42. 95 g/L. further comparing the different adding amounts of tea polyphenols, the optimal amount of tea polyphenols was determined when the volume of xanthan gum fermentation medium was 3‰. This study improves the fermentation level of xanthan gum, reduces the production cost, and is of great significance to promote the healthy development of xanthan gum enterprises in China.

As a key technology in the field of bioengineering, microbial fermentation is of great significance to the development of many sectors such as biomanufacturing and the food industry. Relying on the ORBIT Intelligence patent analysis platform, this study retrieved and analyzed 234,767 global patents related to microbial fermentation technology. Using the method of patent mapping, we conducted multi-dimensional statistical analysis on the patent application trend characteristics, cooperation network of high-impact patent holders, cooperation network of inventors, and evolution path of core technologies in this technical field. This study reveals the current research status and development trends of the microbial fermentation field, providing references for patent layout, cooperation, and innovation directions in this field. The results show that patent applications in the microbial fermentation field have grown rapidly in recent years, reaching a peak in 2017, and forming high-impact patent holders represented by Jiangnan University, Zhejiang University of Technology, and South Korea's CJ Cheiledang Corporation. Chinese universities are the core technical forces in the cooperation network of patent holders, while enterprises are key participants in technology transformation and industrial application by embedding themselves in the technical network through cooperation. Inventor cooperation mainly occurs within their employing units, and high-yield inventor teams are concentrated at Jiangnan University, focusing on fermentation engineering and gut microbial technology. The evolution paths of core technologies mainly include strain screening and improvement, and microbial metabolic engineering; foreign enterprises such as Denmark's Novozymes, Danisco USA, and Japan's Ajinomoto Co., Inc. have played a leading role in core technological innovation.

The hydrothermal-stripping synergistic method was applied to treat secqndary aluminum dross, focusing on the synergistic effects and the underlying principles of aluminum nitride decomposition and removal.The results reveal that the hydrothermal -stripping method significantly outperforms single -factor treatments, achieving a decomposition efficiency of aluminum nitride that is notably higher, with a synergistic factor S ranging from 1.2 to 1.5.Under optimal conditions of 80℃, a liquid-solid mass ratio of 10, a gas-liquid volume ratio of 600, a mass ratio of m(CaO):m(SAD)=5:10, and a reaction time of 24 hours, the aluminum nitride removal rate reached a maximum of 90. 85%. The hydrothermal-stripping method demonstrates superior removal efficiency compared to single-factor treatments, with enhanced decomposition driven by increased temperature, gas-liquid volume ratio, and calcium oxide dosage.

Lactoferrin is a non-heme iron-binding glycoprotein that is primarily expressed and secreted in mammary epithelial. Due to its biological functions such as anti-microbial, immune regulation, anti-infection, and inhibition of tumor growth, it is considered a novel antibacterial anti-cancer drug as well as a food and cosmetic additive with great development potential. Due to the low yield and high cost of traditional methods for extracting lactoferrin from milk, the large-scale production and application of lactoferrin have been limited. Compared with traditional methods of lactoferrin production, genetic engineering for producing recombinant lactoferrin has the advantages of high yield, low cost, and single product. The author elaborated on the current research progress in producing recombinant lactoferrin and lactoferrin peptides using genetic engineering technology, including animal expression systems, prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems, with a focus on methods that can increase the expression and secretion of lactoferr.

The natural aging cycle of light-flavor Baijiu is long, and it requires high equipment occupancy and capital costs. Physical aging acceleration technology has become a research focus due to its ability to accelerate maturation without adding any contaminants. This paper reviews the application and mechanism of high-temperature, infrared, microwave, ultrasonic, ultra-high pressure, and plasma technologies in the aging of light-flavor Baijiu. High-temperature aging accelerates molecular activation by increasing temperature, achieving the effect of traditional aging in 3 to 6 months, but it results in high alcohol loss. Infrared aging utilizes thermal effects and resonance to break hydrogen bonds and reduce fusel oil, but it is limited to laboratory use due to “reversal” and high energy consumption. Microwave aging optimizes esters at 50 ℃ for 10 minutes at 70 W, approaching natural aging, but metal ion interference and “reversal” restrict its large-scale application. Ultrasonic aging has limited single-factor effects and requires combination with ceramic particles for enhanced efficacy. Ultra-high pressure aging accelerates reactions by breaking non-covalent bonds, and the changes in total acid and esters after treatment conform to natural aging patterns, without “reversal” and suitable for industrialization. Plasma aging promotes oxidation through active oxygen and ultraviolet radiation, increasing components such as ethyl palmitate. Although it has the advantages of short time and low cost, the mechanism and equipment development need further exploration. The research results show that ultra-high pressure has been partially applied, and plasma has significant potential. Future research should focus on the mechanism analysis and equipment optimization of plasma to support efficient production.

Zero-valent iron(ZVI), as a reductive material, has been widely used for the remediation of contaminated groundwater. The biogenic sulfidation of ZVI, facilitated by sulfur metabolites produced by sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB), enhances ZVI's reactivity and selectivity toward contaminants while mitigating the undesirable hydrogen evolution reaction. Compared with chemical sulfidation, biogenic sulfidation is more efficient, cost-effective and environmentally friendly. Moreover, it also facilitates the in situ sulfidation of ZVI already deployed underground, offering a promising avenue for practical applications. This review examines the dual effects of ZVI on SBR growth and metabolism, summarizing both its toxic and promoting influences. It elaborates on three SBR-mediated corrosion mechanisms: cathode depolarization, metabolite corrosion, and extracellular electron transfer. Natural and enhanced biogenic sulfidation processes of ZVI are also discussed in detail. Furthermore, the review highlights the key challenges and outlines future research directions for advancing this technology in groundwater remediation. These insights aim to provide a solid theoretical foundation and technical guidance for the application of biogenetic sulfidated ZVI in this field.

In recent years, consumers have shown increasing attention to health, hygiene, and environmental protection, along with a growing focus on skin care. Plant extracts, containing extremely diverse active substances, demonstrate broad application prospects in the cosmetics industry. Additionally, fermentation technology based on microbial metabolism enables the conversion of plant raw materials into high-value-added functional components, opening up a new pathway for exploring novel raw materials in cosmetics. This paper summarizes the current application status of biological fermentation technology in cosmetics, introduces the basic principles, methods, and commonly used strains of plant fermentation technology, and highlights its main efficacies in the cosmetics field, including antioxidant, whitening, anti-inflammatory effects, and skin barrier repair. Furthermore, it analyzes the research limitations of applying fermentation technology to plant raw materials and prospects the future development trends of plant-fermented cosmetics. In conclusion, plant extracts have paved a brand-new development path for the cosmetics industry through biological fermentation technology, showing broad prospects and significant significance in practical applications. It is proposed that future research should focus more on the conversion mechanisms during fermentation, as well as the types and structural characteristics of active components in the products, to develop safer, more efficient, and environmentally friendly raw materials for the cosmetics industry.