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综述

酰胺酶催化机制研究进展

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  • 浙江工业大学生物工程学院,浙江杭州310014
金建强(1991—),男,浙江台州人,硕士研究生,研究方向为生物催化与酶工程,E-mail:jinjq6967@163.com.通信作者:郑仁朝教授,E-mail:zhengrc@zjut.edu.cn.

基金资助

国家自然科学基金资助项目(21602199)

Progress on the catalytic mechanism of amidas

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  • College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310014,China

摘要

酰胺酶是一类主要作用于分子内C—N键,催化酰胺水解生成相应的羧酸和氨的水解酶,在自然界中广泛存在.根据酰胺酶氨基酸序列,可将其分为腈水解酶家族和酰胺酶标签家族两类.综述了近年来对上述两类酰胺酶结构和催化机制方面的研究进展,并着重阐述了数个不同来源酰胺酶的具体催化过程.腈水解酶家族成员的催化三联体为Cys-Lys-Glu,其催化过程比较一致,Cys主要负责亲核进攻,Glu作为广义碱参与催化反应,Lys则负责稳定过渡态.酰胺酶标签家族酰胺酶
的催化三联体为Ser-cis Ser-Lys,但不同来源的酰胺酶之间的催化机理差异较大,依据Lys所扮演的角色可以将其催化机制分为广义酸催化和广义碱催化两种模式.

本文引用格式

金建强,吴哲明,郑仁朝 . 酰胺酶催化机制研究进展[J]. 发酵科技通讯, 2017 , 46(3) : 170 -177 . DOI: 10.16774/j.cnki.issn.1674-2214.2017.03.009

Abstract

Amidases are a class of hydrolases,which catalyze the hydrolysis of C—N bonds ofvarious amides to the corresponding carboxylic acids and ammonia.They are ubiquitous in many   different types of organisms.According to their amino acid sequences,amidases can be assigned   into nitrilase superfamily and amidase signature family.Here,we systematically review the   progress of study in molecular structures and catalytic mechanisms of amidases,as well as the   specific catalytic processes of specific amidases.All members of the nitrilase superfamily possess   the conserved catalytic triad Cys-Lys-Glu,and exhibit similar catalytic processes.The residue   Cys is responsible for the nucleophilic attack,Glu acts as a general base,while Lys is involved in   the stabilization of the transition states.As for amidase signature family,the conserved catalytic   triad is Ser-cisSer-Lys,and the catalytic processes vary from different signature amidases.   According to the role of Lys,the catalytic mechanism can be divided into two types:general acid
catalysis and general base catalysis.
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